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Jingdong book

体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘

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你是否已经准备好大幅提升自己的游戏设计功力?《体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘》不但会让你眼前一亮,而且会帮助你对市面上许多游戏大作的设计结构一探究竟。你将学习和接触到许多有关游戏制作的原理和实践,通过这些原理和实践将会产生情感丰富的游戏体验,包括各种优雅的游戏机制,引人入胜的虚构元素,以及如何掌控节奏使得玩家获得沉浸感等等。
游戏设计专家Tynan Sylvester用通俗易懂的文字阐述了在游戏开发过程中,确保项目能够稳定前行的各方面知识,包括如何进行团队合作,如何避免创意的瓶颈等。同时书中也给出了大量的范例,《体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘》将会改变你对于游戏设计的看法。
创造能够触发一系列情感以及呈现出多样化玩法的游戏机制。
探究数种将故事情节和交互相结合的方法。
在多人游戏中,构建玩家之间可以进行思维博弈的交互。
通过奖励给予玩家动机,并且这些奖励始终与游戏过程保持一致。
构建象征词汇表以帮助玩家了解游戏中哪些设计要素包含了游戏机制。
在迭代过程中规划、测试,以及分析你的设计方案,而不是事先就确定一切。
了解游戏的市场定位对游戏设计方案有何种影响。
Content Description

1972年,雅达利公司推出了街机游戏Pong。之后,游戏行业历经了几十年的风风雨雨和几许轮回,依然方兴未艾。多少年以来,无论是俄罗斯方块,还是魔兽世界,游戏制作者面临的挑战都始终如一,即如何为玩家展现出最佳的游戏体验。
从表面上看,《体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘》的重点在于游戏的设计、规划、平衡性、界面、营销等要素。然而实际上,《体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘》的核心是游戏体验。如何通过游戏设计来创造丰富多彩的游戏体验,以及如何真正从内心打动玩家,才是作者的真正目的。难能可贵的是,《体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘》虽然涉及了许多游戏行业的专业课题,内容却轻松易懂,耐人回味。而读者在阅读《体验引擎:游戏设计全景探秘》时,也可以从自己感兴趣的章节开始,逐层深入。所以,无论读者是游戏行业的从业者,还是游戏爱好者,都不妨一读。说不定在某一页,就会不由自主地产生共鸣。
Author Description

Tynan Sylvester,有12年游戏设计经验。除了独立制作的游戏以外,他还参与设计过《生化奇兵:无限》这款受到众多玩家喜爱的游戏。
Comments

★“本书中的游戏设计理念来自于作者 在游戏行业多年的积累,渊博的知识,以及一些领悟等。如果你想磨练自己的游戏设计功力,现在有两个选择:其一是花费数年的时间自己摸索,其二是阅读这本书”。
——M·A·尼尔森,Tripwire Interactive公司制作人。
Catalogue

第1部分体验引擎
第1章体验引擎5
游戏机制和事件5
情感黑盒14
桥14
情感错位15
基本的情感触发器17
学习引发的情感17
角色弧线引发的情感20
挑战引发的情感21
社交引发的情感21
财富引发的情感23
音乐引发的情感23
场景特效引发的情感24
由美而引发的情感24
环境引发的情感25
新技术引发的情感26
原始威胁引发的情感27
性暗示引发的情感27
虚构层(TheFictionLayer)28
虚构和游戏机制的对比29
纯粹的情感34
并列34
对立的情感35
氛围35
情感变化36
心流38
沉浸39
体验引擎43

第2部分游戏制作
第2章优雅48
浮现的优雅48
我喜欢在早晨闻到优雅的味道51
优雅设计案例:掠夺者VS.恶火58
第3章技巧62
深度63
无障碍64
技巧范围65
没有明确目标的技巧67
技巧范围的延伸68
自我再造(Reinvention)68
弹性挑战(ElasticChallenge)71
训练72
情感维持73
改变难度75
处理失败77
失败陷阱78
第4章故事80
故事叙述工具82
脚本故事83
软脚本83
世界性故事85
世界性故事采用的方法86
世界性故事和交互88
世界观的一致性89
浮现的故事90
妄想92
标识93
抽象(Abstraction)94
保存记录95
体育解说系统96
故事顺序97
故事结构98
代理权问题(AgencyProblem)101
玩家和角色的动机一致性102
人类交互的问题107
案例分析:《辐射3》109
我的故事109
故事分解114
搞笑成分116
内容顺序117
节奏117
背景设定118
第5章决策119
感受未来121
可预测性123
可预测性和预设决策125
可预测性和AI126
信息平衡127
信息匮乏128
信息过剩131
隐藏信息的方法132
信息平衡案例分析:扑克134
有问题的信息源136
虚构的歧义136
游戏超信息138
决策和心流140
决策范围142
避免心流断层144
避免决策溢出146
回合制的决策节奏146
决策变化147
决策案例分析:《反恐精英》148
第6章平衡性157
平衡性的目的158
公平性的平衡158
深度的平衡160
其他的平衡161
策略退化162
可选策略数量的误区163
平衡和技巧164
平衡的对象165
是否需要平衡性167
平衡性的挑战和解决方案168
平衡的方法169
第7章多人游戏176
博弈论177
游戏和策略交互179
纳什均衡180
石头剪子布和猜硬币181
混合策略184
心理战188
心理战案例:《现代战争2》194
破坏性的玩家行为198
目标分歧199
技巧差异202
第8章动机和实现205
多巴胺的快乐(DopaminePleasure)205
多巴胺动机206
奖励预期208
强化程序209
固定比例210
可变比例211
其他的强化程序211
叠加的强化程序212
浮现的强化程序214
外在和内在动机215
奖励的一致性217
玩家的悔恨感(Player’sRemorse)219
......
Book Abstract

然而,世界性故事并不是游戏唯一的亮点。玩家可以通过选择去哪里,以及查看什么东西来体验这些世界性的故事。所以,当玩家在不断探索的时候,实际上游戏同时运行着两条故事主线:一个是有关核战争的背景故事,另一个是玩家在逃出避难所之后,探索废土城时所发生的故事。一个故事是“这个小镇是那些绝望的人们所建造的。”另一个故事则是“我走进这个小镇,从左边开始探索。”玩家在同一时间经历了两个故事,同时也感受到了两个故事所产生的情感。
一旦我开始和莫伊拉交谈,游戏就从探索性质的世界性故事转变成了对话树。我说的所有话都需要从列表选项里选择,而莫伊拉的回答也是预先设置好的脚本。
为了避免出现无限种故事分支的问题,《辐射3》的对话树经常进行自我循环。比如,每次遇到莫伊拉时,打开的对话列表中的选项总是相同的,每一个选项都对应着不同的话题,比如购买装备,购买家具来装扮玩家的家园,。本地的一些八卦消息,修理物品,查看任务进度等。当其中任何一个话题已经被解决的时候,对话列表就会返回并且重新显示最上层的话题列表。所以,这个对话树采用的也是中心辐射式的结构。
进入顶呱呱超市的过程为玩家带来了一种前方会有挑战的预期。虽然这部分内容并不是预先设置的脚本,然而超市的场景和氛围己经提供了足够的暗示。
我在顶呱呱超市门口遭遇的强盗和穿着皮衣的猎人是叙事工具的一个有趣的交汇点。预设的脚本会让强盗总是出现在同样的位置。然而猎人却不是这个脚本的一部分。在整个游戏过程中,猎人会随机地在废土中四处游走。当我抵达顶呱呱超市的时候,猎人们正好也经过那里。猎人和强盗是不共戴天的敌人,所以一旦他们发现了对方,一场大战就在所难免了。于是在我赶到超市的时候,双方依然激战正酣。
这场战斗从我听见猎人的大喊(“怎么?见不得你自己流血吗?”)开始,然而他的话却被强盗的步枪无情地打断了。这位大无畏的猎人在死前对敌人的最后威胁带有浓重的悲剧色彩。有意思的是,这些内容并不是游戏机制固有的内容,而是在玩家的脑海中形成的妄想而己。究其本质,游戏中出现的只是随机的对话以及直接了当的战斗而已。
……
Introduction

回忆往昔,在单机游戏大行其道的年代,中国充其量只是游戏行业的看客。有多少人曾经和我一样,虽然对游戏怀有极大的热忱,却悲观地认为有生之年也许都无法看到国内游戏行业的崛起。然而多年之后竟然峰回路转,随着网络游戏的兴起,国内的游戏行业如久旱逢甘露一般,终于迎来了蓬勃发展的契机。现如今,移动互联网又引发了新一轮的移动游戏浪潮。无论作为一名玩家还是专业的游戏开发者,能够身在其中我们无疑是幸运的。游戏作为第九艺术为我们开创了一个前所未有的时代,而对于热爱游戏的你我而言,这就是最好的时代。
游戏是一种人生体验。一个优秀的游戏所带来的绝不只是转瞬即逝的愉悦,而是会让你经历一种与众不同的人生,同时你也会随着游戏一起学习和成长。最终,这个游戏还会成为你记忆的一部分。游戏还是人生?谁能分得清楚呢。正如多年前听过的一句话:“人生就是一场游戏,只是不能保存罢了。”
本书的重点就是体验。作者围绕多个主题讲述了如何设计和创造出激动人心的游戏体验,章节内容环环相扣并且清晰易懂,无疑是一本适合游戏从业者和热爱游戏的人们阅读的好书。然而就像本书提到的,创作一款好游戏绝非易事,除了需要掌握游戏开发所需的相关技巧,还需要学习和理解许多其他领域的知识,比如心理学、人文、历史、营销,以及合作和沟通技巧等等。不知道什么是心流和沉浸感?游戏开发流程总是不顺畅?现在就开始阅读这本书吧。
为了方便阅读,本书涉及的专业术语都在中文旁添加了英文原文,对于可能会让人费解的部分也添加了备注。我深知本书的译文虽然经过了数次的审查和修订,但是疏忽和遗漏依然在所难免。如果您有任何宝贵意见,或者希望与译者探讨游戏和人生,请留言,或者发送邮件告知在下,万分感谢。
在此特别感谢我的同事沙鹰,电子工业出版社的张春雨老师,以及本书的作者Tynan Sylvester,在翻译和出版环节上给予我的建议和大力支持。
最后,仅以本书献给我的妻子和一岁半的女儿,以及所有和我一样深爱游戏的人们。
秦彬(Black Qin)
2014年9月

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