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Jingdong book

下一站火星

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《下一站火星》内容丰富,有人类探测火星60年历史的综述,火星之旅涉及航天科技知识的剖析,还有对未来载人任务、乃至征服火星后开发的畅想。2020年代是人类探测火星高潮期,本书在此时推出,将是航天爱好者们从地球通往火星的科普“桥梁”。


1、一本教你如何成为跨行星生存的物种的生存指南

2、中国科学院国家天文台研究员,火星叔叔,郑永春博士推荐

3、来着NASA ESA JAXA SpaceX 130张高清图片,向你展示一个真实的火星


Content Description

听上去与我们特别遥远的航天技术,其实就在我们身边:每晚 7 点半准时放送的天气预报,早上出门前空气指数的查询,出行导航地图服务,这些都离不开近地卫星 24 小时不间断的信息传输,火星是一个没有我们需要生存和发展的世界:空气、重力、热水淋浴、新鲜农产品、隐私、啤酒。火星探索在某种程度上是探索人类的意义,从火星叔叔马丁开始,去火星旅游就是每个孩子乃至成年人的航空梦,本书用娱乐旅行的写作线索,教读者对空间生命科学进行探索,如果你关心人类的科技和未来,这本书中梳理出来的,人类的勇气与挑战、冒险与荣耀并存的征途,相信会给你启发。


Author Description

毛新愿 知乎航天话题优秀答主,航天工程博士后,航天知识科普专家,曾在知乎成功主讲过一系列航天相关 Live 并均获得高分评价 ,也多次为航天和科技类杂志供稿。


Comments

《下一站火星》,并非单纯介绍火星知识的科普书,而是从神话到现实,从过去到未来,全方位地介绍火星的一本科普著作。本书尤其适合对天文和太空探索感兴趣的青少年读者。

——中国科学院国家天文台研究员,火星叔叔,郑永春博士


Catalogue

序言 踏上火星,人类成为跨行星生存的物种

第一章 揭秘火星 地球和两个可怜兄弟 / 016 火星:当荧惑遇到战神 / 030 关于火星的基本事实 / 039

第二章 火星探测从无到有 肉眼可见的火星 / 062 疯狂的火星探测竞赛 / 065 “维京”来了! / 079

第三章 差一步,从月球到火星 不造航空母舰,造登月飞船 / 092 登月俱乐部拒绝新人 / 094 核能火箭的野心与哀歌 / 098 2000亿投入,50年回报 / 103

第四章 火星探测重新开启 人类的第三次历史机遇 / 108 全球勘探者:巨大成功! / 111 旅居者:第一辆火星车 / 116 90年代末:祸不单行 / 119 火星气候勘探者:粗心大意有多伤? / 123

第五章 21世纪的辉煌 多国驻扎火星上空 / 128 火星表面的人类使者 / 143 俄国梦魇未醒,中国痛惜“萤火” / 169


Book Abstract

火星是陪伴地球最久的三个岩质/类地行星兄弟之一,人类给它赋予了各种各样的意义。从“荧惑守心”的邪恶之源,到定义人类为跨行星物种的最佳垫脚石,地球的这个周身橙红的兄弟见证了人类发展的历史与辉煌。地球和两个可怜兄弟 地球有三个兄弟,按照与太阳之间的距离来排序,它们分别为水星、金星和火星。不过,比起地球天堂般的环境,水星和金星的生存条件简直如炼狱一般恐怖。地球:人类在太阳系的避风港从10万年前晚期智人走出非洲,到今天遍布世界各地的75亿人口,地球成为孕育世间万物和人类文明的唯一母亲。地球母亲对人类既吝啬又慷慨。她已经46亿岁“高龄”,却只分配了20万年给人类这种“晚期智人亚种”。如果将地球的寿命化作24小时,晚期智人才刚刚出现4秒钟,而人类最古老的两河流域文明出现还不到一眨眼的时间(0.2秒)。但是,她又是如此慷慨,每年赐予人类至少40亿吨(动植物)食物,让人类尽情开采上百亿吨煤炭和石油用来取暖、穿衣、出行。更为重要的是,它给予人类近乎无尽的新鲜空气和水源。数万年来,地球母亲一直默默看着人类进化与文明兴起。随着航天科技的发展,人类总算有机会看清地球全貌。1972年12月7日,人类历史上最伟大的航天科技成就——“阿波罗登月计划”——进入收官之战启航。阿波罗17号飞船的宇航员在奔月过程中拿起相机拍下了地球的全貌。当时,地球、太阳与飞船达到了最完美的拍摄角度,包括南极冰冠在内的整个地球向阳面清晰可见。随着咔嚓一声,这张人类历史上被传播次数最多的照片之一被记录下来——《蓝色弹珠》。巧合的是,这张照片的中心恰好是古老的非洲。这里是人类的起源,也是人类梦想起步的地方。在阿波罗17号完成任务之后,“阿波罗登月计划”这项人类史上最伟大的科技任务正式宣告结束。


Introduction

序言 踏上火星,人类成为跨行星生存的物种

我们从何处来?我们是谁? 我们将向何处去?这是人类自有意识以来就不断对自己提出的三个问题,也是所有哲学家渴望回答的终极问题。漫长的人类进化史,本质之一就是人类不断挑战自身极限并用创造出来的生产力去解答这三个问题的过程。几乎所有的科学、技术、工程、艺术、文化、历史研究等都在为解答这三个问题服务。数万年前,在语言发明后,人类能够口口相传祖先为数不多的传说;一万年前经历了文字革命,人类有能力记录自己的历史和故事,人们开始清楚自己的身世和祖先的传说。1859年,查尔斯·达尔文的《物种起源》发表后,“物竞天择,适者生存”的理论开始传遍世界。人类逐渐明白自己只不过是地球上亿万物种中能适应当前时代的一种,在承袭了无数奠基物种的优势后才得以发展到今日。直到新世纪初,随着人类基因组测序计划的完成,人类更加清楚了自己的身世,庞大的基因组也揭秘了人类从树上到地上、从非洲到美洲、从出生到死亡的进化发展密码。然而,一直有一个重要的问题无法被解答:我们最终会向何处去?自从人类祖先从茹毛饮血的蛮荒时代缓慢走入文明时代,头顶上的天空便成为人类最为神秘的所在。万象星辰、电闪雷鸣,让人们幻想天上有神灵。但是,即便我们向各种各样的神祈祷,也始终无法摆脱地心引力的桎梏。人类的未来难道就真的停留在风雨雷电之下,脚下的土地也将是子孙后代永远的安息之所吗?科技的发展与进步在近现代迎来一个重要的奇点——航天科技爆发。虽然它的先驱是并不光彩的V2火箭(导弹),但人类很快就在1969年将足迹印到了38万千米之外的月球,并创造了一个登陆过月球的12人俱乐部。这12个人甚至可以被定义成一个新的“物种”——一种可以跨越星球生存的地球生物。尽管如此,人类对宇宙的认知还是太过狭隘。根据2013年哈勃望远镜的观测,科学家明确已知的宇宙历史是138亿年,但它还在不断膨胀,目前可探测到的宇宙半径已经达到了465亿光年!一光年是光在宇宙真空中沿直线传播了一年的距离,长度大概是9.5万亿千米。如果让人步行的话,走完一光年至少需要数亿年;就算坐高铁一刻不停地冲,也需要几百万年!这毕竟还只是初步观测。古人云:耳听为虚,眼见为实。现代科学也相信观察,验证假设。两者并没有本质区别,都是相信实际看到的、能做到的才是真的。因而,古人渴望探测海洋与我们今天努力探测宇宙,是同一个道理。探险家费迪南·麦哲伦在500年前带着船队实现了环球航行的梦想。几百年间,人类的足迹遍布地球每个角落。时至今日,科技的力量让我们更进一步地了解地球。而对于宇宙探测,人类渺小到连“蚍蜉撼树”的资格都没有。假如真正以“眼见为实”的观点来衡量,人类离开地球最远的记录是阿波罗13号探月时的40万千米。当时阿波罗13号出了故障,只是绕了月球一圈回来,三位宇航员躲在登月舱里只是祈祷能活着返回地球。可以说人类确切了解的宇宙星球中最远的便是38万千米外的月球。和广袤无际的宇宙相比,人类走过的地方,大概相当于太平洋中的水分子。中学物理书里介绍过,随便一滴水里的水分子数量就高达数亿亿个,这意味着我们跨越一个宇宙“水滴”都非常困难!在已知的宇宙面前,人类依然势如蝼蚁。即便是人类使者——无人探测器的脚步,最远也仅是1977年美国国家航空航天局(美国航空航天局)发射的旅行者1号在连续飞行42年后到达的距离地球218亿千米处。这个里程即便现在以光速出发也需要20小时5分钟才能跑完。然而,这与动辄以数亿光年记录的宇宙距离相比还是微不足道。更何况,人类各种探测器和望远镜看到的图像,都是由于电磁波在宇宙传播。根据相对论,电磁波的传播会受到引力场等各种因素的扰动不断转向、发生变化,人类未知的暗物质和暗能量占宇宙总质量的95%左右,那么人类怎么确定一道光线(光是电磁波一种)就来自看到时的那个方向?理论上讲这道光线甚至有可能从任意方向射出来,不断被引力作用,来到人类眼前。况且,人类观测到的只是几亿光年外的宇宙一角,如今那里发生了什么根本无从知晓。可以说,人类对于宇宙的了解,连坐井观天的水平都还远未达到!因此,我们不禁想反问自己这么几个问题——如果人类是由初级地球生物演化而来的,那么最早的地球生物来自哪里?未来人类真的会永远停留在地球这颗极其不显眼的行星上吗?人类在宇宙中孤独吗?宇宙这么大,只有地球上有生命岂不是太浪费了?任何一个与太阳系类似的星系都有宜居带。在这个区域内,行星能接收到足够的恒星辐射能量,能保持合适的温度,维持液态水和大气的存在,也可能孕育生命。在太阳系内部,金星、地球和火星都处在宜居带上,但金星和火星由于先天条件和后天演化变得不再宜居。太阳系只是银河系中微不足道的一个小星系,像太阳这样的恒星,银河系里可能有几千亿颗,银河系这种规模的星系在宇宙中恐怕可以用万亿级别衡量。那么,在宇宙中处在宜居带上、有可能孕育生命的行星到底有多少?我觉得可以想象一下。太阳系之外的行星叫作系外行星。在21世纪之前,人类仅仅发现了数十颗系外行星。随着进入新世纪航天科技的突飞猛进,人类发现的系外行星数目与日俱增。2009年发射升空的开普勒望远镜极大地提升了天文学家的想象空间,单单在2016年人类就用它发现了1000多颗系外行星。显然,人类绝不可能满足于停留在渺小的地球上,外面几近无穷的世界等待人类勇敢地迈出脚步去开发。地球唯一的天然卫星月球已经被征服。两颗位于地球附近宜居带的行星,金星已被证实难以探索,而且探索价值有限,所以火星就成了人类目前唯一的选择。火星成为人类迈出地月系统,乃至迈出太阳系的试金石。人类幻想探测火星数万年,在航天时代的实际探索也尝试了60年。这一切进程还在不断加速,因为所有人都在等待征服火星的那一天。那时人类可以被定义为一个全新的物种:一种来自地球的、可跨行星生存的生物。为了这个辉煌时刻的到来,人类仍在孜孜不倦地努力。一个物种的功绩可依靠其作为来评判。本书就希望站在这样一种视角,带着读者细细旁观人类每次伟大的火星探测之旅,逐渐探清火星开发的未来


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欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折

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