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Jingdong book

GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿：GDP的历史及其背后的政治利益

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GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿：GDP的历史及其背后的政治利益

Name: GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿：GDP的历史及其背后的政治利益
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110023431
Price: 46.37 USD
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Editer Recommend

◆关于GDP,你知道的很可能是错的——揭秘GDP80年演变史，一本书帮你读懂GDP的两面性！

◆绿色和平组织国际执行董事库米·奈都、英国剑桥大学经济研究部主任乔纳森·奥尔德雷德联合推荐！

◆解答盘绕在每个人心头的疑惑：为什么新闻中GDP在不断增长，我们的钱包却没有相应变厚？!

◆2015年，中国GDP增速开始换挡，这对我们究竟意味着什么？《GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿》让你读懂中国经济走向！

◆《GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿》——一部让人清醒的好书：GDP从何而来；它测量什么，不测量什么；“GDP之父”库兹涅茨为何为GDP的发明公开致歉；GDP是怎样一步步成为政治记账单的……

◆看清中国经济症结的一本书，精装珍藏读本，你值得拥有！

Content Description

形成GDP的经济行为，一次是对财富的破坏，另一次才是对财富的建设：环境污染、健康损害、犯罪、资源稀缺、房价高企、酝酿泡沫……GDP构筑了经济增长的美梦，也让我们付出了巨大代价!GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿？它是一个重要经济指针，但它不是万能的。从重视GDP，追逐GDP，到污染GDP，直至最后在GDP上做手脚，在“唯GDP论英雄”的同时，我们被掠夺、扭曲、过度消耗和毁灭的东西也许更多。
目前，各国政要及有识之士纷纷开始反思GDP，《GDP究竟是个什么玩意儿》作者费尔拉蒙蒂对GDP进行了系统深入的剖析：GDP从何而来，它测量什么、不测量什么，并在此基础上揭示了GDP成为主宰当今经济的重要指标背后隐藏的政治利益。

Author Description

洛伦佐·费尔拉蒙蒂，联合国大学副研究员、南非比勒陀利亚大学的政治学副教授，区域一体化和管理研究的“让·莫内讲座教授”(Jean Monnet Chair)。费尔拉蒙蒂著有大量有关发展政策、替代性经济和社会进步指标的书籍，并且亲自导演了一部关于GDP和气候变化的纪录短片。

Comments

这样的书早就该出了。GDP背后的政治利益终于得到了揭露，这迫使我们重新思考主流经济观点，并致力于建立一个更加公正和可持续发展的世界。

——Kumi Naidoo，绿色和平组织国际执行董事

本书令人信服地指出， GDP是一种思想武器，而不是中立的科学测量指标。直到我们认识到正是人们对GDP的过于着迷导致了当前的危机，才有希望摆脱当前的危机。

——Jonathan Aldred，英国剑桥大学经济研究部主任

Catalogue

导言世界上最强有力的数字
什么是GDP
GDP的政治对抗赛
GDP及其批评者
第一章GDP的历史：一次又一次的危机
数字与政治：GDP的前史
作为“战争机器”的GDP
以GDP来操作和“统计战争”
国民收入全球化和全球经济危机
盛名之下的GDP
第二章科学怪人综合征
GDP对收入不平衡的掩盖
社会、环境与GDP
什么让生命有价值
第三章全球探索废黜GDP
寻找替代指标
公共机构对GDP的反思
变革的阻力
GDP的反击
有毒的啤酒
第四章来自下面的变革
向一个“逆增长”社会的过渡
反思货币
三明治模式
结论霸权和阻力
参考书目
索引

Book Abstract

GDP的政治对抗赛
毫无疑问，GDP是当今世界最著名的“数字”和极为强大的政治工具。在过去的一个世纪中，它不仅在资本主义国家，而且在社会主义社会都占主导地位。在冷战期间，GDP竞争集中体现了两个阵营之间像军备竞赛一样的两极对抗。
这个20世纪30年代发明的神奇数字，帮助美国走出了大萧条。当时的总统、共和党人赫伯特·胡佛，是凭借“自由放任”的经济政策当选的，这在很大程度上得益于过去十年积极的经济趋势。但是胡佛初期遏制危机的政策被证明根本无效。上任仅仅八个月之后，他就被拋入到以1929年10月黑色星期二为标志的毁灭性经济衰退中，当时美国股市崩溃，触发了整个世界的多米诺骨牌效应。总统深信，市场自己会找到摆脱经济衰退的出路，而无须政府施加任何直接的干预。但是当危机进一步恶化时，他试图实行一些可行的纠正政策，这时候他就需要某种经济指标，以此来衡量刺激经济复苏的能力。他积极地向统计学家求助，但遗憾的是他的政府没有找到可靠的、一致的经济状态衡量指标。当民主党人富兰克林·D.罗斯福在1932年以压倒性的胜利赢得了选举，寻求一个衡量国民收入的方法，就变得更加紧迫了。因为罗斯福总统通过政府干预实现宏观经济稳定的整个新政理念，是基于这样的假设：政府能够密切监控经济状况，定期评估其政策的影响。
正是在这样动荡的岁月中，GDP的原始计算第一次得到开发，国民经济核算系统也逐步建立了起来。几年后，第二次世界大战以其自上而下地控制经济生产的巨大需求，封闭了GDP与政治之间的密切关系。事实上，对工业生产的优劣势做定期的、详细的有效统计，不但帮助美国政府在军火生产方面超越它的敌人，更重要的是，它允许民用经济转化为战争机器而不妨碍国内消费，这被证明是美国从战争赚取收入的一个主要优势（从而避免像希特勒的战争经济那样遭遇瓶颈），并且推动了战后大规模消费。但是GDP不只是一个数字，它还是一个强有力的宣传工具。这就是为什么在20世纪下半叶，经济表现的测量成为美国和苏联之间两极对抗的重要组成部分，同时导致了一场涉及秘密情报部门和经济专家的“代理人战争”，这种争斗在苏联解体后才结束。
尽管有着明显的中立性，但GDP已代表一种社会模式，不仅仅是经济的进程，政治和文化的进程也受其影响。GDP推动宏观经济的政府政策，并设置社会领域中的优先级。例如，根据欧盟的稳定与增长公约，各国政府可投入教育和卫生保健等公共产品的资金数量，一般与GDP的增长相互“捆绑”，这就产生了一个简单粗暴的等式：GDP越少=社会投资就越少。道德原则诸如公平、社会公正和再分配也受到GDP计算的影响，它们只有符合以GDP为主导的发展模式才会被决策者采用。美国近代历史上最大的“布什减税政策”1，就是以促进GDP增长的需要来充分证明其是合理的，而争取增加联邦最低生活工资的努力，却被持续悲观的整体GDP绩效预测击败了。2我们的地理（从城市化进程到公共/私人区域的管理）是由GDP的政治支配的；营销策略、广告、消费模式和生活方式都渗透了GDP的影响；甚至慈善也依赖于GDP，公共和私人慈善事业通常与经济增长的绩效相关联：由经济产生的钱越多，可用于“做善事”的资金也越多。
GDP及其消费模式的言论在政治话语中也取得了胜利。表现最为明显的，是世界各国领导人和舆论制造者对2001年“9·11”恐怖袭击事件的第一反应。其中著名的是，美国总统乔治·W.布什敦促美国人“登上飞机，到各处去做美国的生意”；他的英国同行——首相托尼·布莱尔，则鼓励同胞们“旅行和购物”3，重振经济；同样地，当时的加拿大总理让·克雷蒂安声称，击败恐怖主义最好的方法是持续性的消费：“现在是走出去和申请抵押贷款的时候了，是买房子、买小汽车……的时候了。世界经济需要人们回到他们的生活……这是反击的最好方式。”1袭击事件发生10天以后，在一次接受电台采访时，纽约市市长鲁迪·朱利安尼说得很清楚：“有一种方法能让每个人都帮助我们纽约人和整个国家。到这里来花钱……去逛街，我们是世界上最好的购物者。”2共和党人和民主党人，保守派和进步派，国会议员和地方管理者都因为同样的信条团结起来了。成千上万的信件充斥美国报纸，它们鼓励人们回到往常的消费习惯。“爱国的表现是：持有你的股票并再多买些；登上飞机继续去各地做生意；重新开始购物。”恐怖袭击一周后，一封给《迈阿密先驱报》的信这样写道：“美国，你喜爱购物，那就赶紧去吧。”3
作为设计公共政策的重要工具，GDP的发明还给技术专家和业务专家提供了前所未有的权力——没有经济顾问的持续支持，政治家们再也不可能完成他们的工作。学术界的经济学家离开教室，开始了成功的（和有巨大报酬的）政治生涯，许多经济学院、系不再是自由思想的竞技场，而变成为经济顾问的组装线。随着政治经济学在专家的手中被定型，它的目标和目的已从日常的政治主张中剥离了出去。社会形成了这样一种共识：掌舵的那些人知道什么对大家来说是最好的。个人作为公民被剥夺了权力，作为消费者获得了赞誉。
……

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